Atomic Number | 65 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 158.92535 |
Mass Number | 159 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 65 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 94 n0 |
Electrons | 65 e- |
Atomic Radius | 175 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 19.2 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 168 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 92.3 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 106.3 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
233 pm
|
Density | 8.23 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 1.165 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.8638 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 389 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | 388.7 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity | |
Electrophilicity | 1.3142725121307568 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,503.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,632.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 11.1 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000103 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 28.91 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.182 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 0.83 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000012 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000136 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000002161385 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.1117784
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | 222 K
|
Neel Point | 230 K
|
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.6 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 38.7 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 22 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 56 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.26
|
Speed of Sound | 2,620 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 25 |
Mendeleev Number | 29 |
Pettifor Number | 26 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 23
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.009
|
Quantum Numbers | 6H15/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 39 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 39 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.01 ± 0.28 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2004 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
p (proton emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.6 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.15 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 3% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.26% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.5 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 597 ± 17 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 96.8% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 3.2% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.0022% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30.9 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | 3.42 ± 0.1
|
Half Life | 1.64 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | -0.88 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 60 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.3 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | 2.72 ± 0.04
|
Half Life | 4.118 ± 0.025 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 83.3% |
α (α emission) | 16.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | -0.45 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 3.48 ± 0.16 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | 1.852 ± 0.012
|
Half Life | 17.609 ± 0.001 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.9905% |
α (α emission) | 0.0095% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | -0.29 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 17.5 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.34 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | 1.388 ± 0.008
|
Half Life | 2.34 ± 0.01 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.08 ± 0.14
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.994 ± 0.039 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | 1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Half Life | 5.32 ± 0.06 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.41 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | 0.56666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
|
Half Life | 5.35 ± 0.1 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.3 ± 0.8
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | 1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Half Life | 71 ± 7 y
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.4 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0.58433333333333 ± 0.0023333333333333
|
Half Life | 180 ± 11 y
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 83.4% |
β− (β− decay) | 16.6% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | 1.3393333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.432 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0.566 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 72.3 ± 0.2 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.85 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1943 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | 1.4666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
|
Half Life | 6.948 ± 0.005 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.3 ± 0.6
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.6 ± 0.15 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.11 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 27.1 ± 1.5 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 18.9 ± 1.6 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.4 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.13 ± 0.32 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 960 ± 78 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.23 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 760 ± 190 ms
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that was essentially colorless in solution, but gave a brown-tinged oxide was terbium. Terbium was named after Ytterby, a town in Sweden
Discoverers | Carl Mosander |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1843 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. |
Pronunciation | TUR-bi-em (English) |
Found with other rare earths in monazite sand, which typically contain 0.03% terbium. Other sources are xenotime and euxenite, both of which are oxide mixtures that can contain up to 1% terbium.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 1.2 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | 0.00000014 mg/L
|
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.0000039 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.00000001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.00000005 %
|
1 | s | 1.2739 |
2 | p | 4.3076 |
2 | s | 17.0278 |
3 | d | 13.7015 |
3 | p | 19.9853 |
3 | s | 20.4485 |
4 | d | 34.69 |
4 | f | 39.1352 |
4 | p | 31.6012 |
4 | s | 30.98 |
5 | p | 48.039 |
5 | s | 45.8295 |
6 | s | 56.6996 |