Thallium

Thallium (Tl)

grundstof med atomnummer 81
Atomnummer81
Atommasse204.38
mass number205
Gruppe13
Periode6
Blokp
proton81 p+
neutron124 n0
elektron81 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodel of Tl (Thallium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius
molar volume
Kovalent Radius
Metallic Radius
Ionisk radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals-radius
massefylde
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Thallium0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200pmAtomradiusKovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals-radius

Kemisk Egenskab

energi
proton affinity
electron affinity
ioniseringsenergi
ioniseringsenergi of Tl (Thallium)
Fordampningsvarme
smeltevarme
standard enthalpy of formation
elektron
Elektronskal2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Bohrs atommodel: Tl (Thallium)
Valenselektron3
Elektronprikmodellen: Tl (Thallium)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Enhanced Bohrs atommodel of Tl (Thallium)
Orbital Diagram of Tl (Thallium)
Oxidationstrin-5, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativitet
1.8
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
stoffaseFast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt
Smeltepunkt
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve
Silver
appearancesilvery white
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne
Termisk ekspansion
molar heat capacity
Varmefylde
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
typeConductor
specifik ledningsevne
Elektrisk resistivitet
superledning
Magnetisme
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0,000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0,000000000613 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0,0000356
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
KrystalstrukturSimpel Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed
Kompressibilitetsmodul
Forskydningsmodul
E-modul
Poissons forhold
0,45
speed of sound
klassificering
KategoriPost-overgangsmetaller, Poor metals
CAS GroupIIIB
IUPAC GroupIIIA
Glawe Number81
Mendeleev Number85
Pettifor Number78
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationchalcophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
3,4
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,00059
quantum number2P1/2
rumgruppe194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Thallium

Stable Isotopes2
Unstable Isotopes41
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition20570.49%20570.49%20329.52%20329.52%

176Tl

mass number176
neutron number95
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
6,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato2004
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)100%
α (α emission)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

177Tl

mass number177
neutron number96
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
18 ± 5 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1999
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)73%
p (proton emission)

178Tl

mass number178
neutron number97
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
255 ± 9 ms
spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1997
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)62%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)38%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)0.15%

179Tl

mass number179
neutron number98
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
437 ± 9 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1983
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)60%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

180Tl

mass number180
neutron number99
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
1,09 ± 0,01 s
spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1987
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)93%
α (α emission)7%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)0.0032%

181Tl

mass number181
neutron number100
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,9 ± 0,1 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1996
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)8.6%

182Tl

mass number182
neutron number101
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
1,9 ± 0,1 s
spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1991
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.49%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)3.4%

183Tl

mass number183
neutron number102
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
6,9 ± 0,7 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1980
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)

184Tl

mass number184
neutron number103
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
9,5 ± 0,2 s
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1976
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)98.78%
α (α emission)1.22%

185Tl

mass number185
neutron number104
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
19,5 ± 0,5 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1976
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

186Tl

mass number186
neutron number105
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
3,5 ± 0,5 s
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1975
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)

187Tl

mass number187
neutron number106
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,08 ± 0,12
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1976
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

188Tl

mass number188
neutron number107
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
71 ± 2 s
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1970
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

189Tl

mass number189
neutron number108
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,3 ± 0,2 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1972
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

190Tl

mass number190
neutron number109
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,6 ± 0,3 m
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1970
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

191Tl

mass number191
neutron number110
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,164 ± 0,008
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1974
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

192Tl

mass number192
neutron number111
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,0995 ± 0,0015
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
9,6 ± 0,4 m
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1961
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

193Tl

mass number193
neutron number112
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,17 ± 0,006
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
21,6 ± 0,8 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1960
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

194Tl

mass number194
neutron number113
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,0695 ± 0,0015
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
33 ± 0,5 m
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0,282 ± 0,007
opdagelsesdato1960
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

195Tl

mass number195
neutron number114
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,14 ± 0,08
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
1,16 ± 0,05 h
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1955
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

196Tl

mass number196
neutron number115
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,036 ± 0,0015
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
1,84 ± 0,03 h
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0,178 ± 0,014
opdagelsesdato1955
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

197Tl

mass number197
neutron number116
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,14 ± 0,04
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,84 ± 0,04 h
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1955
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

198Tl

mass number198
neutron number117
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0 ± 0,005
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
5,3 ± 0,5 h
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1949
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

199Tl

mass number199
neutron number118
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,18 ± 0,04
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
7,42 ± 0,08 h
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1949
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

200Tl

mass number200
neutron number119
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,02 ± 0,005
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
26,1 ± 0,1 h
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1949
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

201Tl

mass number201
neutron number120
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,198 ± 0,006
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
3,0421 ± 0,0008 d
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1950
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

202Tl

mass number202
neutron number121
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,03 ± 0,005
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
12,31 ± 0,08 d
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1940
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

203Tl

mass number203
neutron number122
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
29,515 ± 0,044
radioaktivitetstable isotope
halveringstidNot Radioactive ☢️
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1931
Paritet+

204Tl

mass number204
neutron number123
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,045 ± 0,005
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
3,783 ± 0,012 y
spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1953
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)97.08%
EC+B+2.92%

205Tl

mass number205
neutron number124
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
70,485 ± 0,044
radioaktivitetstable isotope
halveringstidNot Radioactive ☢️
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1931
Paritet+

206Tl

mass number206
neutron number125
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
4,202 ± 0,011 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1935
Paritet-

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

207Tl

mass number207
neutron number126
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3,738 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
4,77 ± 0,02 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1908
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

208Tl

mass number208
neutron number127
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,0582 ± 0,0026
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
3,053 ± 0,004 m
spin5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1909
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

209Tl

mass number209
neutron number128
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,162 ± 0,007 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1950
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

210Tl

mass number210
neutron number129
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
1,3 ± 0,03 m
spin5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1909
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.009%

211Tl

mass number211
neutron number130
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
81 ± 16 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1998
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.2%

212Tl

mass number212
neutron number131
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
31 ± 8 s
spin5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1998
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.8%

213Tl

mass number213
neutron number132
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
23,8 ± 4,4 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato2010
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)7.6%

214Tl

mass number214
neutron number133
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
11 ± 2,4 s
spin5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato2010
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)34%

215Tl

mass number215
neutron number134
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
9,7 ± 3,8 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato2010
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)4.6%

216Tl

mass number216
neutron number135
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
5,9 ± 3,3 s
spin5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato2010
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)11.5%

217Tl

mass number217
neutron number136
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato2010
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

218Tl

mass number218
neutron number137
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin6
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet+

decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
Thallium pieces in ampoule
Thallium-croprotated

historie

opdager eller opfinderSir William Crookes
fundstedEngland
opdagelsesdato1861
etymologiGreek: thallos (green twig), for a bright green line in its spectrum.
udtaleTHAL-i-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (verdenshave)
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
0,0000078 %
natural abundance (Solen)
0,0000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.5591
2p4.5138
2s21.3158
3d13.4658
3p22.6335
3s23.5809
4d37.6112
4f38.1324
4p35.7832
4s34.9212
5d58.975
5p53.9115
5s51.878
6p68.7462
6s68.1804