થૅલિયમનો

થૅલિયમનો (Tl)

રાસાયણિક તત્વ
Atomic Number81
Atomic Weight204.38
mass number205
Group13
Period6
Blockp
પ્રોટોન81 p+
neutron124 n0
ઈલેક્ટ્રોન81 e-
Animated બૉહરનો સિદ્ધાંત of Tl (થૅલિયમનો)

Physical Property

Atomic Radius
molar volume
Covalent Radius
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: થૅલિયમનો0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

રાસાયણિક ગુણધર્મ

ઉર્જા
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Tl (થૅલિયમનો)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
ઈલેક્ટ્રોન
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
બૉહરનો સિદ્ધાંત: Tl (થૅલિયમનો)
valence electron3
Lewis structure: Tl (થૅલિયમનો)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Enhanced બૉહરનો સિદ્ધાંત of Tl (થૅલિયમનો)
Orbital Diagram of Tl (થૅલિયમનો)
oxidation number-5, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3
વિદ્યુતઋણતા
1.8
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color
Silver
appearancesilvery white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
electrical resistivity
superconductivity
magnetism
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0.000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0.000000000613 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0.0000356
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
0.45
અવાજની ઝડપ
classification
CategoryPost-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS GroupIIIB
IUPAC GroupIIIA
Glawe Number81
Mendeleev Number85
Pettifor Number78
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationchalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
3.4
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.00059
quantum number2P1/2
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Thallium

Stable Isotopes2
Unstable Isotopes41
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition20570.49%20570.49%20329.52%20329.52%

176Tl

mass number176
neutron number95
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
6.2 ± 2.3 ms
પ્રચક્રણ3
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ2004
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
p (proton emission)100%
α (α emission)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

177Tl

mass number177
neutron number96
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
18 ± 5 ms
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1999
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)73%
p (proton emission)

178Tl

mass number178
neutron number97
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
255 ± 9 ms
પ્રચક્રણ4
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1997
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)62%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)38%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)0.15%

179Tl

mass number179
neutron number98
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
437 ± 9 ms
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1983
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)60%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

180Tl

mass number180
neutron number99
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.09 ± 0.01 s
પ્રચક્રણ4
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1987
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)93%
α (α emission)7%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)0.0032%

181Tl

mass number181
neutron number100
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.9 ± 0.1 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1996
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)8.6%

182Tl

mass number182
neutron number101
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.9 ± 0.1 s
પ્રચક્રણ4
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1991
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.49%
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission)3.4%

183Tl

mass number183
neutron number102
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
6.9 ± 0.7 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1980
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)

184Tl

mass number184
neutron number103
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
9.5 ± 0.2 s
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1976
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)98.78%
α (α emission)1.22%

185Tl

mass number185
neutron number104
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
19.5 ± 0.5 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1976
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

186Tl

mass number186
neutron number105
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.5 ± 0.5 s
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1975
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)

187Tl

mass number187
neutron number106
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.08 ± 0.12
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1976
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

188Tl

mass number188
neutron number107
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
71 ± 2 s
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1970
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

189Tl

mass number189
neutron number108
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.3 ± 0.2 m
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1972
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

190Tl

mass number190
neutron number109
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.6 ± 0.3 m
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1970
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

191Tl

mass number191
neutron number110
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.164 ± 0.008
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1974
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

192Tl

mass number192
neutron number111
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.0995 ± 0.0015
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
9.6 ± 0.4 m
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1961
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

193Tl

mass number193
neutron number112
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.17 ± 0.006
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
21.6 ± 0.8 m
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1960
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

194Tl

mass number194
neutron number113
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.0695 ± 0.0015
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
33 ± 0.5 m
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.282 ± 0.007
શોધની તારીખ1960
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

195Tl

mass number195
neutron number114
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.14 ± 0.08
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.16 ± 0.05 h
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1955
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

196Tl

mass number196
neutron number115
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.036 ± 0.0015
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.84 ± 0.03 h
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.178 ± 0.014
શોધની તારીખ1955
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

197Tl

mass number197
neutron number116
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.14 ± 0.04
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.84 ± 0.04 h
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1955
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

198Tl

mass number198
neutron number117
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0 ± 0.005
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
5.3 ± 0.5 h
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1949
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

199Tl

mass number199
neutron number118
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.18 ± 0.04
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
7.42 ± 0.08 h
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1949
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

200Tl

mass number200
neutron number119
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.02 ± 0.005
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
26.1 ± 0.1 h
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1949
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

201Tl

mass number201
neutron number120
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.198 ± 0.006
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.0421 ± 0.0008 d
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1950
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

202Tl

mass number202
neutron number121
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.03 ± 0.005
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
12.31 ± 0.08 d
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1940
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

203Tl

mass number203
neutron number122
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
29.515 ± 0.044
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1931
પૅરિટી+

204Tl

mass number204
neutron number123
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.045 ± 0.005
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.783 ± 0.012 y
પ્રચક્રણ2
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1953
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)97.08%
EC+B+2.92%

205Tl

mass number205
neutron number124
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
70.485 ± 0.044
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1931
પૅરિટી+

206Tl

mass number206
neutron number125
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.202 ± 0.011 m
પ્રચક્રણ0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1935
પૅરિટી-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

207Tl

mass number207
neutron number126
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
3.738 ± 0.01
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.77 ± 0.02 m
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1908
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

208Tl

mass number208
neutron number127
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.0582 ± 0.0026
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.053 ± 0.004 m
પ્રચક્રણ5
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1909
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

209Tl

mass number209
neutron number128
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.162 ± 0.007 m
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1950
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

210Tl

mass number210
neutron number129
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.3 ± 0.03 m
પ્રચક્રણ5
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1909
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.009%

211Tl

mass number211
neutron number130
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
81 ± 16 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ1998
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.2%

212Tl

mass number212
neutron number131
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
31 ± 8 s
પ્રચક્રણ5
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ1998
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.8%

213Tl

mass number213
neutron number132
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
23.8 ± 4.4 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ2010
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)7.6%

214Tl

mass number214
neutron number133
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
11 ± 2.4 s
પ્રચક્રણ5
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ2010
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)34%

215Tl

mass number215
neutron number134
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
9.7 ± 3.8 s
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ2010
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)4.6%

216Tl

mass number216
neutron number135
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
5.9 ± 3.3 s
પ્રચક્રણ5
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ2010
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)11.5%

217Tl

mass number217
neutron number136
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
પ્રચક્રણ1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
શોધની તારીખ2010
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

218Tl

mass number218
neutron number137
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
પ્રચક્રણ6
nuclear quadrupole moment
શોધની તારીખ
પૅરિટી+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
Thallium pieces in ampoule
Thallium-croprotated

ઈતિહાસ

શોધક અથવા સંશોધકSir William Crookes
શોધનું સ્થળEngland
શોધની તારીખ1861
etymologyGreek: thallos (green twig), for a bright green line in its spectrum.
ઉચ્ચારTHAL-i-em (અંગ્રેજી)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (ocean)
natural abundance (માનવ શરીર)
natural abundance (ઉલ્કા)
0.0000078 %
natural abundance (સૂર્ય)
0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.5591
2p4.5138
2s21.3158
3d13.4658
3p22.6335
3s23.5809
4d37.6112
4f38.1324
4p35.7832
4s34.9212
5d58.975
5p53.9115
5s51.878
6p68.7462
6s68.1804