Tulium

Tulium (Tm)

grundämne
Atomnummer69
Atommassa168.93422
masstal169
Grupp
Period6
Blockf
Protoner69 p+
Neutroner100 n0
Electrons69 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Tm (Tulium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
175 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
164 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
103 pm
Crystal Radius
117 pm
Van der Waalsradie
227 pm
densitet
9,321 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
6,18431 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Tm (Tulium)
ångbildningsvärme
232 kJ/mol
smältvärme
Bildningsentalpi
232,2 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Tm (Tulium)
valenselektron2
Elektronformel: Tm (Tulium)
elektronkonfiguration[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Tm (Tulium)
Orbital Diagram of Tm (Tulium)
oxidationstal0, 1, 2, 3
elektronegativitet
1.25
Electrophilicity
1,2616079623752015 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
2 223,15 K
Smältpunkt
1 818,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery gray
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,0000133 1/K
molar heat capacity
27,03 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
1,4 MS/m
resistivitet
0,0000007 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,00000199 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000336179 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,0185488
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
25 K
Néel temperature
56 K
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
3,54 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
Kompressibilitet
45 GPa
skjuvmodul
31 GPa
Young's modulus
74 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,21
ljudhastighet
klassificering
KategoriLantanoider, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number20
Mendeleev Number37
Pettifor Number22
Geochemical Classrare earth & related
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
144 ± 15 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
105
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,025
kvanttal2F7/2
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Tuliumisotoper

Stabila isotoper1
Instabila isotoper38
Radioactive Isotopes37

144Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
143,976211 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal144
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,3 ± 0,9 us
Spinn10
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2005
Paritet+

144Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

145Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
144,970389 ± 0,00021 Da
masstal145
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,17 ± 0,2 us
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet-

145Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)100%

146Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
145,966661 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal146
g-factor
Halveringstid
155 ± 20 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1993
Paritet+

146Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

147Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
146,961379887 ± 0,000007341 Da
masstal147
g-factor
Halveringstid
580 ± 30 ms
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet-

147Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)85%
p (proton emission)15%

148Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
147,958384026 ± 0,000011 Da
masstal148
g-factor
Halveringstid
700 ± 200 ms
Spinn10
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet+

148Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

149Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
148,952828 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal149
g-factor
Halveringstid
900 ± 200 ms
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet-

149Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.26%

150Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
149,95009 ± 0,00021 Da
masstal150
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet+

150Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

151Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
150,945494433 ± 0,000020799 Da
masstal151
g-factor
Halveringstid
4,17 ± 0,11 s
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet-

151Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

152Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
151,944476 ± 0,000058 Da
masstal152
g-factor
Halveringstid
8 ± 1 s
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1980
Paritet

152Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

153Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
152,942058023 ± 0,00001286 Da
masstal153
g-factor
1,26 ± 0,02
Halveringstid
1,48 ± 0,01 s
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,5 ± 1
upptäcktsdatum1964
Paritet-

153Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)91%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)9%

154Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
153,941570062 ± 0,000015471 Da
masstal154
g-factor
−0,57 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
8,1 ± 0,3 s
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,4 ± 0,9
upptäcktsdatum1964
Paritet

154Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)54%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)46%

155Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
154,939209576 ± 0,000010651 Da
masstal155
g-factor
Halveringstid
21,6 ± 0,2 s
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet-

155Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.17%
α (α emission)0.83%

156Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
155,938985746 ± 0,000015328 Da
masstal156
g-factor
0,2 ± 0,015
Halveringstid
83,8 ± 1,8 s
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,48 ± 0,11
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet-

156Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.064%

157Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
156,936973 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal157
g-factor
0,952 ± 0,03
Halveringstid
3,63 ± 0,09 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1974
Paritet+

157Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)7.5%

158Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
157,936979525 ± 0,000027074 Da
masstal158
g-factor
0,02 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
3,98 ± 0,06 m
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,74 ± 0,11
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-

158Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

159Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
158,934975 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal159
g-factor
1,368 ± 0,012
Halveringstid
9,13 ± 0,16 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1,93 ± 0,07
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

159Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

160Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
159,935264177 ± 0,000035089 Da
masstal160
g-factor
0,16 ± 0,02
Halveringstid
9,4 ± 0,3 m
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,58 ± 0,04
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-

160Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

161Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
160,933549 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal161
g-factor
0,68571428571429 ± 0,0057142857142857
Halveringstid
30,2 ± 0,8 m
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
2,9 ± 0,07
upptäcktsdatum1959
Paritet+

161Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

162Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
161,934001211 ± 0,000027974 Da
masstal162
g-factor
0,068 ± 0,008
Halveringstid
21,7 ± 0,19 m
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,69 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1963
Paritet-

162Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

163Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
162,932658282 ± 0,00000592 Da
masstal163
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,81 ± 0,005 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1959
Paritet+

163Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

164Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
163,933538019 ± 0,000026845 Da
masstal164
g-factor
2,37 ± 0,03
Halveringstid
2 ± 0,1 m
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,71 ± 0,05
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet+

164Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)61%
e+ (positron emission)39%

165Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
164,932441843 ± 0,000001779 Da
masstal165
g-factor
−0,278 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
30,06 ± 0,03 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1953
Paritet+

165Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

166Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
165,933562136 ± 0,000012401 Da
masstal166
g-factor
0,0463 ± 0,00035
Halveringstid
7,7 ± 0,03 h
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
2,14 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

166Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

167Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
166,932857206 ± 0,00000135 Da
masstal167
g-factor
−0,394 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
9,25 ± 0,02 d
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

167Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

168Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
167,934178457 ± 0,0000018 Da
masstal168
g-factor
0,075666666666667 ± 0,0036666666666667
Halveringstid
93,1 ± 0,2 d
Spinn3
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,23 ± 0,07
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet+

168Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β (β decay)0.01%

169Tm

natural abundance
100
relative atomic mass
168,934218956 ± 0,000000792 Da
masstal169
g-factor
−0,462 ± 0,003
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

170Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
169,935807093 ± 0,000000785 Da
masstal170
g-factor
0,247 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
128,6 ± 0,3 d
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,74 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1936
Paritet-

170Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)99.869%
ϵ (electron capture)0.131%

171Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
170,936435162 ± 0,000001043 Da
masstal171
g-factor
−0,46 ± 0,008
Halveringstid
1,92 ± 0,01 y
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

171Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

172Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
171,938406959 ± 0,000005884 Da
masstal172
g-factor
Halveringstid
63,6 ± 0,3 h
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1956
Paritet-

172Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

173Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
172,93960663 ± 0,000004723 Da
masstal173
g-factor
Halveringstid
8,24 ± 0,08 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

173Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

174Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
173,942174061 ± 0,00004801 Da
masstal174
g-factor
Halveringstid
5,4 ± 0,1 m
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet-

174Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

175Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
174,94384231 ± 0,000053677 Da
masstal175
g-factor
Halveringstid
15,2 ± 0,5 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet

175Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

176Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
175,946997707 ± 0,000107354 Da
masstal176
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,85 ± 0,03 m
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

176Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

177Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
176,948932 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal177
g-factor
Halveringstid
95 ± 7 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet+

177Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

178Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
177,952506 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal178
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2008
Paritet-

178Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

179Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
178,955018 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal179
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet+

179Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

180Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
179,959023 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal180
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet

180Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

181Tm

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
180,961954 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal181
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet+

181Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

182Tm

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
181,966194 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal182
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet

182Tm Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
Thulium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnarePer Theodor Cleve
fyndplatsSweden
upptäcktsdatum1879
etymologiFrom Thule ancient name of Scandinavia.
uttalTHOO-li-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,52 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,00000017 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,0000029 %
Abundance in Sun
0,00000002 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.3437
2p4.3588
2s18.0522
3d13.6257
3p20.5239
3s21.0816
4d36.056
4f40.366
4p33.012
4s31.8624
5p51.272
5s48.963
6s60.4158