Tungsten (W)

Tungsten is the 74th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of W and atomic number of 74. It has an atomic weight of 183.84 and a mass number of 184. Tungsten has seventy-four protons and one hundred ten neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-four electrons in six shells. It is located in group six, period six and block d of the periodic table. White or grey metallic transition element,formerly called Wolfram. Forms a protective oxide in air and can be oxidized at high temperature. First isolated by Jose and Fausto de Elhuyer in 1783.

Atomic Number	74
Atomic Weight	183.84
Mass Number	184

Group	6
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	74 p⁺
Neutrons	110 n⁰
Electrons	74 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	135 pm 253 pm
Molar Volume	9.53 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	137 pm 120 pm 115 pm 162 pm
Metallic Radius	130 pm 139 pm
Ionic Radius	66 pm 62 pm 42 pm 51 pm 60 pm
Crystal Radius	80 pm 76 pm 56 pm 65 pm 74 pm
Van der Waals Radius	210 pm 218 pm 239 pm 309.6 pm
Density	19.3 g/cm³ 17,600 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.81626 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.86403 eV/particle 16.4 eV/particle 26.02 eV/particle 38.21 eV/particle 51.59 eV/particle 64.766 eV/particle 122.01 eV/particle 141.2 eV/particle 160.2 eV/particle 179 eV/particle 208.9 eV/particle 231.6 eV/particle 258.3 eV/particle 290.7 eV/particle 325.3 eV/particle 361.9 eV/particle 387.9 eV/particle 420.7 eV/particle 462.1 eV/particle 502.6 eV/particle 543.4 eV/particle 594.5 eV/particle 640.6 eV/particle 686 eV/particle 734.1 eV/particle 784.4 eV/particle 833.4 eV/particle 881.4 eV/particle 1,132.2 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,230.4 eV/particle 1,283.4 eV/particle 1,335.1 eV/particle 1,386.8 eV/particle 1,459.9 eV/particle 1,512.4 eV/particle 1,569.1 eV/particle 1,622 eV/particle 1,829.8 eV/particle 1,882.9 eV/particle 1,940.6 eV/particle 1,994.8 eV/particle 2,149.1 eV/particle 2,210 eV/particle 2,354 eV/particle 2,414.11 eV/particle 4,057 eV/particle 4,180 eV/particle 4,309 eV/particle 4,446 eV/particle 4,578 eV/particle 4,709 eV/particle 4,927 eV/particle 5,063 eV/particle 5,209 eV/particle 5,348 eV/particle 5,719 eV/particle 5,840 eV/particle 5,970 eV/particle 6,093 eV/particle 6,600 eV/particle 6,735 eV/particle 7,000 eV/particle 7,130 eV/particle 15,566 eV/particle 15,896 eV/particle 16,252 eV/particle 16,588 eV/particle 18,476 eV/particle 18,872 eV/particle 19,362 eV/particle 19,686.74 eV/particle 79,181.93 eV/particle 80,755.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	824 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	35 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	851 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

Valence Electrons	2
Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²

Oxidation States	-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativity	8.67 eV/particle 0.2390504 1.7
Electrophilicity	1.336370129915207 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,828.15 K
Melting Point	3,687.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Tungsten is a Gray. W has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #2194d6, and MOLCAS GV of #2194d6. The Appearance of Element 74 is grayish white, lustrous.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #2194d6 #2194d6
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	173 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000045 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.27 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.132 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	20 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000004999999999997 m Ω
Superconducting Point	0.015 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000000459 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000844 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0000884
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Tungsten is BCC. The lattice constant of W is 3.16 Å. The lattice angles of Element 74 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	3.16 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Tungsten has a Brinell of 2570 MPa, Mohs hardness of 7.5 MPa, and Vickers of 3430 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of W is 310 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 74 is 161 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tungsten (W) is 411 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Tungsten is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of W is 5174 m/s.
Hardness	2,570 MPa 7.5 MPa 3,430 MPa
Bulk Modulus	310 GPa
Shear Modulus	161 GPa
Young Modulus	411 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.28
Speed of Sound	5,174 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Tungsten is VIA. The IUPAC Group of W is VIB. The Glawe Number of Element 74 is 57. The Mendeleev Number of Tungsten (W) is 53. The Pettifor Number of Tungsten is 56. The Goldschmidt Class of W is litophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIA
IUPAC Group	VIB
Glawe Number	57
Mendeleev Number	53
Pettifor Number	56
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Tungsten is 68 plus or minus 15 a₀. W has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 757 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 74 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Tungsten (W) is 18.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tungsten is 0.0036. The Quantum Numbers of W is 5D0. The Space Group of Element 74 is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	68 ± 15 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	757 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	18.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0036
Quantum Numbers	5D0
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Tungsten

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	36
Radioactive Isotopes	37

¹⁵⁷W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.978862 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor
Half Life	275 ± 40 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹⁵⁷W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁸W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.974565 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.43 ± 0.18 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

¹⁵⁸W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁵⁹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	158.972696 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor
Half Life	8.2 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

¹⁵⁹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁶⁰W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	159.968513946 ± 0.000160828 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor	0
Half Life	90 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	87%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁶¹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.967249 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor
Half Life	409 ± 16 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹⁶¹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	73%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	27%

¹⁶²W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.963500341 ± 0.000018955 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.19 ± 0.12 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

¹⁶²W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
α (α emission)	45.2%

¹⁶³W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.962524251 ± 0.000062722 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor
Half Life	2.63 ± 0.09 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹⁶³W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
α (α emission)	14%

¹⁶⁴W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	163.958952445 ± 0.000010384 Da
Mass Number	164
G-Factor	0
Half Life	6.3 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

¹⁶⁴W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.2%
α (α emission)	3.8%

¹⁶⁵W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	164.958280663 ± 0.000027649 Da
Mass Number	165
G-Factor
Half Life	5.1 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	-

¹⁶⁵W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁶⁶W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	165.955031952 ± 0.000010159 Da
Mass Number	166
G-Factor	0
Half Life	19.2 ± 0.6 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

¹⁶⁶W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.965%
α (α emission)	0.035%

¹⁶⁷W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	166.95481108 ± 0.000020078 Da
Mass Number	167
G-Factor
Half Life	19.9 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

¹⁶⁷W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.96%
α (α emission)	0.04%

¹⁶⁸W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	167.951805459 ± 0.000014233 Da
Mass Number	168
G-Factor	0
Half Life	50.9 ± 1.9 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹⁶⁸W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0032%

¹⁶⁹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	168.951778689 ± 0.000016571 Da
Mass Number	169
G-Factor
Half Life	74 ± 6 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

¹⁶⁹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	169.949231235 ± 0.000014165 Da
Mass Number	170
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.42 ± 0.04 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹⁷⁰W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷¹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	170.949451 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	171
G-Factor
Half Life	2.38 ± 0.04 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	-

¹⁷¹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	171.947292 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	172
G-Factor	0
Half Life	6.6 ± 0.9 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

¹⁷²W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷³W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	172.947689 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	173
G-Factor
Half Life	7.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁷³W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	173.946079 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	174
G-Factor	0
Half Life	33.2 ± 2.1 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

¹⁷⁴W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁵W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	174.946717 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	175
G-Factor
Half Life	35.2 ± 0.6 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁷⁵W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁶W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	175.945634 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	176
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁷⁶W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁷W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	176.946643 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	177
G-Factor
Half Life	132.4 ± 2 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁷⁷W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁸W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	177.945885791 ± 0.000016316 Da
Mass Number	178
G-Factor	0
Half Life	21.6 ± 0.3 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁷⁸W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	178.947079378 ± 0.000015644 Da
Mass Number	179
G-Factor
Half Life	37.05 ± 0.16 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁷⁹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸⁰W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 0.12 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	179.946713304 ± 0.000001545 Da
Mass Number	180
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.59 ± 0.5 Ey
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹⁸⁰W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹⁸¹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	180.948218733 ± 0.000001554 Da
Mass Number	181
G-Factor
Half Life	120.956 ± 0.019 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹⁸¹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁸²W

Abundance	26.5 ± 0.16
Relative Atomic Mass	181.948205636 ± 0.000000799 Da
Mass Number	182
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

¹⁸²W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁸³W

Abundance	14.31 ± 0.04
Relative Atomic Mass	182.950224416 ± 0.000000798 Da
Mass Number	183
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	-

¹⁸³W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁸⁴W

Abundance	30.64 ± 0.02
Relative Atomic Mass	183.95093318 ± 0.000000792 Da
Mass Number	184
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

¹⁸⁴W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁸⁵W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	184.953421206 ± 0.000000793 Da
Mass Number	185
G-Factor	0.362 ± 0.0093333333333333
Half Life	75.1 ± 0.3 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

¹⁸⁵W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶W

Abundance	28.43 ± 0.19
Relative Atomic Mass	185.95436514 ± 0.000001302 Da
Mass Number	186
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

¹⁸⁶W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁸⁷W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	186.957161249 ± 0.000001302 Da
Mass Number	187
G-Factor	0.414 ± 0.01
Half Life	23.809 ± 0.025 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

¹⁸⁷W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁸W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	187.958488325 ± 0.000003316 Da
Mass Number	188
G-Factor	0
Half Life	69.77 ± 0.05 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁸⁸W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	188.961557 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	189
G-Factor
Half Life	11.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁸⁹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	189.963103542 ± 0.000037993 Da
Mass Number	190
G-Factor	0
Half Life	30 ± 1.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹⁹⁰W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹¹W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	190.966531 ± 0.000045 Da
Mass Number	191
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

¹⁹¹W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹²W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	191.968202 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	192
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

¹⁹²W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹³W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	192.971884 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	193
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

¹⁹³W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹⁴W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	193.973795 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	194
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

¹⁹⁴W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹⁵W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	194.977735 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	195
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁹⁵W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹⁶W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	195.979882 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	196
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁹⁶W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁹⁷W

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	196.984036 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	197
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁹⁷W Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

History

Torbern Bergman obtained from scheelite an oxide of a new element in 1781. In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element. From Swedish, tung sten meaning heavy stone

Discoverers	Fausto and Juan José de Elhuyar
Discovery Location	Spain
Discovery Year	1783
Etymology (Name Origin)	Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
Pronunciation	TUNG-sten (English)

Tungsten is considered to be of low toxicity

The chemical symbol, W, comes from the original name of the element, Wolfram

Uses

Tungsten and its alloys are widely used for filaments in electric bulbs and electronic tubes. Tungsten carbide is of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries. Tungsten oxides are used in ceramic glazes and calcium/magnesium tungstates are used widely in fluorescent lighting. Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also as contact points in cars. Combined with calcium or magnesium it makes phosphors. Tungsten carbide is extremely hard and is used for making cutting tools and abrasives.

Sources

Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4].

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	1.25 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.0001 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000012 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.4343
2	p	4.4258
2	s	19.3302
3	d	13.5476
3	p	21.3824
3	s	22.13
4	d	36.8268
4	f	39.2892
4	p	34.4516
4	s	33.4412
5	d	57.258
5	p	52.6745
5	s	50.4585
6	s	64.1456

Tungsten on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011034
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3589
BNCF Thesaurus ID	4913
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	119624073
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	wolfram
CAB ID	281142
CAS Registry Number	7440-33-7
CPV Supplementary	AA27
Canadian Encyclopedia article ID	tungsten
ChEBI ID	27998
ChemSpider ID	22403
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14755000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5031054
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8052481
DeCS ID	14813
Den Store Danske ID	wolfram
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.312
Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID	190907
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/tungsten-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	tungstene
Freebase ID	/m/025sk79
French Vikidia ID	Tungstène
GND ID	4066862-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0148801
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1928211
HSDB ID	5036
ICSC ID	1404
InChI	InChI=1S/W
InChIKey	WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Tungsteno
KBpedia ID	Tungsten
KEGG ID	C00753
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/VOLFRAM.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85138607
MeSH descriptor ID	D014414
Mindat mineral ID	52513
NDL Authority ID	00572649
NKCR AUT ID	ph127499
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007556048605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	369533
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3997692
OpenAlex ID	C2910815756
OpenAlex ID	C542268612
PSH ID	5770
PubChem CID	23964
Quora topic ID	Tungsten
RxNorm ID	1667702
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1181358
Store norske leksikon ID	wolfram
Treccani ID	tungsteno
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10641560
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/5021
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	13404
UNBIS Thesaurus ID	1006735
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept14025
UNII	V9306CXO6G
USGS Thesaurus ID	1600
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14683691-n
YSO ID	10600
ZVG number	7740
Zhihu topic ID	19819820

Tungsten (W)

Properties

Isotopes of Tungsten

157W

157W Decay Modes

158W

158W Decay Modes

159W

159W Decay Modes

160W

160W Decay Modes

161W

161W Decay Modes

162W

162W Decay Modes

163W

163W Decay Modes

164W

164W Decay Modes

165W

165W Decay Modes

166W

166W Decay Modes

167W

167W Decay Modes

168W

168W Decay Modes

169W

169W Decay Modes

170W

170W Decay Modes

171W

171W Decay Modes

172W

172W Decay Modes

173W

173W Decay Modes

174W

174W Decay Modes

175W

175W Decay Modes

176W

176W Decay Modes

177W

177W Decay Modes

178W

178W Decay Modes

179W

179W Decay Modes

180W

180W Decay Modes

181W

181W Decay Modes

182W

182W Decay Modes

183W

183W Decay Modes

184W

184W Decay Modes

185W

185W Decay Modes

186W

186W Decay Modes

187W

187W Decay Modes

188W

188W Decay Modes

189W

189W Decay Modes

190W

190W Decay Modes

191W

191W Decay Modes

192W

192W Decay Modes

193W

193W Decay Modes

194W

194W Decay Modes

195W