Wolfram

Wolfram (W)

unsur kimia
Atomic Number74
Atomic Weight183.84
Nombor jisim184
Group6
Period6
Blockd
proton74 p+
neutron110 n0
Elektron74 e-
Animated Model Bohr of W (Wolfram)

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom
135 pm
molar volume
Jejari kovalen
137 pm
Metallic Radius
130 pm
ionic radius
66 pm
Crystal Radius
80 pm
Jejari van der Waals
218 pm
ketumpatan
19.3 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Wolfram0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220pmJejari AtomJejari KovalenMetallic RadiusJejari van der Waals

Sifat Kimia

tenaga
proton affinity
Pertalian elektron
0.81626 eV/particle
ionization energy
7.86403 eV/particle
ionization energy of W (Wolfram)
Entalpi pengewapan
824 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran
standard enthalpy of formation
851 kJ/mol
Elektron
Petala elektron2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Model Bohr: W (Wolfram)
Elektron valens2
Teori ion Lewis: W (Wolfram)
tatarajah elektron[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d4 6s2
Enhanced Model Bohr of W (Wolfram)
Orbital Diagram of W (Wolfram)
Keadaan pengoksidaan-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Keelektronegatifan
1.7
Electrophilicity Index
1.336370129915207 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas
fasa jirimSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
5,828.15 K
Melting Point
3,687.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna
Gray
rupagrayish white, lustrous
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity
Pengembangan terma
0.0000045 1/K
molar heat capacity
24.27 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
0.132 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
Kekonduksian elektrik
20 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik
0.00000004999999999997 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
0.015 K
kemagnetan
typeparamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0.00000000459 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000000844 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0.0000884
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal StructureBody Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant
3.16 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
7.5 MPa
Modulus pukal
310 GPa
shear modulus
161 GPa
Young's modulus
411 GPa
Nisbah Poisson
0.28
Kelajuan bunyi
5,174 m/s
pengelasan
CategoryTransition metals, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIA
IUPAC GroupVIB
Glawe Number57
Mendeleev Number53
Pettifor Number56
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
68 ± 15 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
18.4
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0036
Nombor kuantum5D0
space group229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Tungsten

Stable Isotopes0
Unstable Isotopes41
Natural Isotopes5
Isotopic Composition18430.64%18430.64%18628.43%18628.43%18226.50%18226.50%18314.31%18314.31%1800.12%1800.12%

157W

Nombor jisim157
nombor neutron83
jisim atom relatif
156.978862 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
275 ± 40 ms
Spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2010
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0%

158W

Nombor jisim158
nombor neutron84
jisim atom relatif
157.974565 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.43 ± 0.18 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1981
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)100%

159W

Nombor jisim159
nombor neutron85
jisim atom relatif
158.972696 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
8.2 ± 0.7 ms
Spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1981
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

160W

Nombor jisim160
nombor neutron86
jisim atom relatif
159.968513946 ± 0.000160828 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
90 ± 5 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1979
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)87%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

161W

Nombor jisim161
nombor neutron87
jisim atom relatif
160.967249 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
409 ± 16 ms
Spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1973
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)73%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)27%

162W

Nombor jisim162
nombor neutron88
jisim atom relatif
161.963500341 ± 0.000018955 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.19 ± 0.12 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1973
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)45.2%

163W

Nombor jisim163
nombor neutron89
jisim atom relatif
162.962524251 ± 0.000062722 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
2.63 ± 0.09 s
Spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1973
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
α (α emission)14%

164W

Nombor jisim164
nombor neutron90
jisim atom relatif
163.958952445 ± 0.000010384 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
6.3 ± 0.2 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1973
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)96.2%
α (α emission)3.8%

165W

Nombor jisim165
nombor neutron91
jisim atom relatif
164.958280663 ± 0.000027649 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
5.1 ± 0.5 s
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1975
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

166W

Nombor jisim166
nombor neutron92
jisim atom relatif
165.955031952 ± 0.000010159 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
19.2 ± 0.6 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1975
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.965%
α (α emission)0.035%

167W

Nombor jisim167
nombor neutron93
jisim atom relatif
166.95481108 ± 0.000020078 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
19.9 ± 0.5 s
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1985
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.96%
α (α emission)0.04%

168W

Nombor jisim168
nombor neutron94
jisim atom relatif
167.951805459 ± 0.000014233 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
50.9 ± 1.9 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1971
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.0032%

169W

Nombor jisim169
nombor neutron95
jisim atom relatif
168.951778689 ± 0.000016571 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
74 ± 6 s
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1985
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

170W

Nombor jisim170
nombor neutron96
jisim atom relatif
169.949231235 ± 0.000014165 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
2.42 ± 0.04 m
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1971
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

171W

Nombor jisim171
nombor neutron97
jisim atom relatif
170.949451 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
2.38 ± 0.04 m
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1983
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

172W

Nombor jisim172
nombor neutron98
jisim atom relatif
171.947292 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
6.6 ± 0.9 m
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1964
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

173W

Nombor jisim173
nombor neutron99
jisim atom relatif
172.947689 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
7.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1963
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

174W

Nombor jisim174
nombor neutron100
jisim atom relatif
173.946079 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
33.2 ± 2.1 m
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1964
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

175W

Nombor jisim175
nombor neutron101
jisim atom relatif
174.946717 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
35.2 ± 0.6 m
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1963
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

176W

Nombor jisim176
nombor neutron102
jisim atom relatif
175.945634 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
2.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1950
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)100%

177W

Nombor jisim177
nombor neutron103
jisim atom relatif
176.946643 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
132.4 ± 2 m
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1950
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

178W

Nombor jisim178
nombor neutron104
jisim atom relatif
177.945885791 ± 0.000016316 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
21.6 ± 0.3 d
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1950
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)100%

179W

Nombor jisim179
nombor neutron105
jisim atom relatif
178.947079378 ± 0.000015644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
37.05 ± 0.16 m
Spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1950
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

180W

Nombor jisim180
nombor neutron106
jisim atom relatif
179.946713304 ± 0.000001545 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0.12 ± 0.01
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.59 ± 0.5 Ey
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1937
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

181W

Nombor jisim181
nombor neutron107
jisim atom relatif
180.948218733 ± 0.000001554 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
120.956 ± 0.019 d
Spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1947
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)100%

182W

Nombor jisim182
nombor neutron108
jisim atom relatif
181.948205636 ± 0.000000799 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
26.5 ± 0.16
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1930
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)

183W

Nombor jisim183
nombor neutron109
jisim atom relatif
182.950224416 ± 0.000000798 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
14.31 ± 0.04
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1930
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)

184W

Nombor jisim184
nombor neutron110
jisim atom relatif
183.95093318 ± 0.000000792 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
30.64 ± 0.02
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1930
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)

185W

Nombor jisim185
nombor neutron111
jisim atom relatif
184.953421206 ± 0.000000793 Da
g-factor
0.362 ± 0.0093333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
75.1 ± 0.3 d
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1940
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

186W

Nombor jisim186
nombor neutron112
jisim atom relatif
185.95436514 ± 0.000001302 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
28.43 ± 0.19
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1930
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
(double β decay)
α (α emission)

187W

Nombor jisim187
nombor neutron113
jisim atom relatif
186.957161249 ± 0.000001302 Da
g-factor
0.414 ± 0.01
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
23.809 ± 0.025 h
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1940
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

188W

Nombor jisim188
nombor neutron114
jisim atom relatif
187.958488325 ± 0.000003316 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
69.77 ± 0.05 d
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1951
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

189W

Nombor jisim189
nombor neutron115
jisim atom relatif
188.961557 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
11.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1963
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

190W

Nombor jisim190
nombor neutron116
jisim atom relatif
189.963103542 ± 0.000037993 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
30 ± 1.5 m
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1976
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

191W

Nombor jisim191
nombor neutron117
jisim atom relatif
190.966531 ± 0.000045 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1999
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

192W

Nombor jisim192
nombor neutron118
jisim atom relatif
191.968202 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1999
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

193W

Nombor jisim193
nombor neutron119
jisim atom relatif
192.971884 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan2009
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

194W

Nombor jisim194
nombor neutron120
jisim atom relatif
193.973795 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan2008
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

195W

Nombor jisim195
nombor neutron121
jisim atom relatif
194.977735 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2012
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

196W

Nombor jisim196
nombor neutron122
jisim atom relatif
195.979882 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan2012
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)

197W

Nombor jisim197
nombor neutron123
jisim atom relatif
196.984036 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2012
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
Wolfram evaporated crystals and 1cm3 cube

sejarah

penemu atau perekaFausto and Juan José de Elhuyar
tempat penemuanSpain
tarikh penemuan1783
EtimologiSwedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
sebutanTUNG-sten (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
1.25 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)
0.0001 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
0.000012 %
natural abundance (Matahari)
0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe
0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.4343
2p4.4258
2s19.3302
3d13.5476
3p21.3824
3s22.13
4d36.8268
4f39.2892
4p34.4516
4s33.4412
5d57.258
5p52.6745
5s50.4585
6s64.1456