Volfram

Volfram (W)

grundämne
Atomnummer74
Atommassa183.84
masstal184
Grupp6
Period6
Blockd
Protoner74 p+
Neutroner110 n0
Electrons74 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of W (Volfram)

Egenskaper

atomradie
135 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
137 pm
Metallic Radius
130 pm
ionic radius
66 pm
Crystal Radius
80 pm
Van der Waalsradie
218 pm
densitet
19,3 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
0,81626 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi
7,86403 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of W (Volfram)
ångbildningsvärme
824 kJ/mol
smältvärme
Bildningsentalpi
851 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Bohrs atommodell: W (Volfram)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of W (Volfram)
Orbital Diagram of W (Volfram)
oxidationstal-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
elektronegativitet
1.7
Electrophilicity
1,336370129915207 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
5 828,15 K
Smältpunkt
3 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Grå
appearancegrayish white, lustrous
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,0000045 1/K
molar heat capacity
24,27 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,132 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
20 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000004999999999997 m Ω
supraledare
0,015 K
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,00000000459 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000000844 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,0000884
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturRymdcentrerat kubisk (BCC)
Gitterkonstant
3,16 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
7,5 MPa
Kompressibilitet
310 GPa
skjuvmodul
161 GPa
Young's modulus
411 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,28
ljudhastighet
5 174 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIA
IUPAC GroupVIB
Glawe Number57
Mendeleev Number53
Pettifor Number56
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
68 ± 15 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
18,4
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0036
kvanttal5D0
rymdgrupp229 (Im_3m)

Volframisotoper

Stabila isotoper5
Instabila isotoper36
Radioactive Isotopes37

157W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
156,978862 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal157
g-factor
Halveringstid
275 ± 40 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet-

157W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0%

158W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
157,974565 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal158
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,43 ± 0,18 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet+

158W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

159W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
158,972696 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal159
g-factor
Halveringstid
8,2 ± 0,7 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet-

159W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

160W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
159,968513946 ± 0,000160828 Da
masstal160
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
90 ± 5 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+

160W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)87%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

161W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
160,967249 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal161
g-factor
Halveringstid
409 ± 16 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet-

161W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)73%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)27%

162W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
161,963500341 ± 0,000018955 Da
masstal162
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,19 ± 0,12 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet+

162W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
α (α emission)45.2%

163W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
162,962524251 ± 0,000062722 Da
masstal163
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,63 ± 0,09 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet-

163W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
α (α emission)14%

164W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
163,958952445 ± 0,000010384 Da
masstal164
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
6,3 ± 0,2 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet+

164W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)96.2%
α (α emission)3.8%

165W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
164,958280663 ± 0,000027649 Da
masstal165
g-factor
Halveringstid
5,1 ± 0,5 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet-

165W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

166W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
165,955031952 ± 0,000010159 Da
masstal166
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
19,2 ± 0,6 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet+

166W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.965%
α (α emission)0.035%

167W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
166,95481108 ± 0,000020078 Da
masstal167
g-factor
Halveringstid
19,9 ± 0,5 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet-

167W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.96%
α (α emission)0.04%

168W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
167,951805459 ± 0,000014233 Da
masstal168
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
50,9 ± 1,9 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

168W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.0032%

169W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
168,951778689 ± 0,000016571 Da
masstal169
g-factor
Halveringstid
74 ± 6 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet-

169W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

170W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
169,949231235 ± 0,000014165 Da
masstal170
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,42 ± 0,04 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

170W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

171W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
170,949451 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal171
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,38 ± 0,04 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1983
Paritet-

171W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

172W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
171,947292 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal172
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
6,6 ± 0,9 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1964
Paritet+

172W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

173W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
172,947689 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal173
g-factor
Halveringstid
7,6 ± 0,2 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1963
Paritet-

173W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

174W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
173,946079 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal174
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
33,2 ± 2,1 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1964
Paritet+

174W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

175W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
174,946717 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal175
g-factor
Halveringstid
35,2 ± 0,6 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1963
Paritet-

175W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

176W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
175,945634 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal176
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,5 ± 0,1 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet+

176W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

177W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
176,946643 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal177
g-factor
Halveringstid
132,4 ± 2 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet-

177W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

178W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
177,945885791 ± 0,000016316 Da
masstal178
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
21,6 ± 0,3 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet+

178W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

179W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
178,947079378 ± 0,000015644 Da
masstal179
g-factor
Halveringstid
37,05 ± 0,16 m
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet-

179W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

180W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
0,12 ± 0,01
relative atomic mass
179,946713304 ± 0,000001545 Da
masstal180
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,59 ± 0,5 Ey
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1937
Paritet+

180W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)%

181W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
180,948218733 ± 0,000001554 Da
masstal181
g-factor
Halveringstid
120,956 ± 0,019 d
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet+

181W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

182W

natural abundance
26,5 ± 0,16
relative atomic mass
181,948205636 ± 0,000000799 Da
masstal182
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1930
Paritet+

182W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)%

183W

natural abundance
14,31 ± 0,04
relative atomic mass
182,950224416 ± 0,000000798 Da
masstal183
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1930
Paritet-

183W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)%

184W

natural abundance
30,64 ± 0,02
relative atomic mass
183,95093318 ± 0,000000792 Da
masstal184
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1930
Paritet+

184W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)%

185W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
184,953421206 ± 0,000000793 Da
masstal185
g-factor
0,362 ± 0,0093333333333333
Halveringstid
75,1 ± 0,3 d
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet-

185W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

186W

natural abundance
28,43 ± 0,19
relative atomic mass
185,95436514 ± 0,000001302 Da
masstal186
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1930
Paritet+

186W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
(double β decay)%
α (α emission)%

187W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
186,957161249 ± 0,000001302 Da
masstal187
g-factor
0,414 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
23,809 ± 0,025 h
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet-

187W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

188W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
187,958488325 ± 0,000003316 Da
masstal188
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
69,77 ± 0,05 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

188W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

189W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
188,961557 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal189
g-factor
Halveringstid
11,6 ± 0,2 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1963
Paritet-

189W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

190W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
189,963103542 ± 0,000037993 Da
masstal190
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
30 ± 1,5 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1976
Paritet+

190W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

191W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
190,966531 ± 0,000045 Da
masstal191
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet-

191W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

192W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
191,968202 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal192
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet+

192W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

193W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
192,971884 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal193
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2009
Paritet-

193W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

194W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
193,973795 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal194
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2008
Paritet+

194W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

195W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
194,977735 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal195
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet-

195W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

196W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
195,979882 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal196
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet+

196W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

197W

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
196,984036 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal197
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet-

197W Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
Wolfram evaporated crystals and 1cm3 cube.jpg

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareFausto and Juan José de Elhuyar
fyndplatsSpain
upptäcktsdatum1783
etymologiSwedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
uttalTUNG-sten (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
1,25 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,0001 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,000012 %
Abundance in Sun
0,0000004 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.4343
2p4.4258
2s19.3302
3d13.5476
3p21.3824
3s22.13
4d36.8268
4f39.2892
4p34.4516
4s33.4412
5d57.258
5p52.6745
5s50.4585
6s64.1456