Yttrium (Y)

grundstof med atomnummer 39

Atomnummer	39
Atommasse	88.90584
mass number	89

Gruppe	3
Periode	5
Blok	d

proton	39 p⁺
neutron	50 n⁰
elektron	39 e^-

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	180 pm 274 pm
molar volume	19,8 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	163 pm 130 pm 124 pm 190 pm
Metallic Radius	162 pm 180 pm
Ionisk radius	90 pm 96 pm 101,9 pm 107,5 pm
Crystal Radius	104 pm 110 pm 115,9 pm 121,5 pm
Van der Waals-radius	240 pm 232 pm 271 pm 334,5 pm
massefylde	4,47 g/cm³ 4.240 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity	967 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0,307 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	6,21726 eV/particle 12,224 eV/particle 20,52441 eV/particle 60,607 eV/particle 74,97 eV/particle 91,39 eV/particle 110,02 eV/particle 127 eV/particle 145,64 eV/particle 185,7 eV/particle 206 eV/particle 374,04 eV/particle 414 eV/particle 463 eV/particle 512 eV/particle 559 eV/particle 624 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 733 eV/particle 790 eV/particle 847 eV/particle 1.010 eV/particle 1.061,9 eV/particle 1.120,2 eV/particle 1.190 eV/particle 1.253 eV/particle 1.300 eV/particle 1.427,6 eV/particle 1.483,118 eV/particle 3.562,9 eV/particle 3.720 eV/particle 3.892 eV/particle 4.060 eV/particle 4.299 eV/particle 4.484 eV/particle 4.724 eV/particle 4.875,73 eV/particle 20.415,716 eV/particle 21.115,55 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	367 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	11,5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	424,7 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 18, 9, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹ 5s²

Oxidationstrin	0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativitet	6,631 eV/particle 0.1216986 1.22
Electrophilicity Index	0,9002558378903806 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	3.618,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.795,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Silver #ff1493 #94ffff #94ffff
appearance	silvery white
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000106 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,53 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,298 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	1,8 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000057 Ω*m
superledning	1,3 K
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000666 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000005921 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0002978
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Simpel Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	3,65 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed	589 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	41 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	26 GPa
E-modul	64 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,24
speed of sound	3.300 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Overgangsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	21
Mendeleev Number	12
Pettifor Number	19
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity	945,9 kJ/mol
polarizability	162 ± 12 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2.600 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	1,28
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,00059
quantum number	2D3/2
rumgruppe	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Yttrium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	34
Natural Isotopes	1

⁷⁵Y

mass number	75
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	74,96584 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)

⁷⁶Y

mass number	76
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	75,958937 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	28 ± 9 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2001
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
p (proton emission)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷⁷Y

mass number	77
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	76,950146 ± 0,000218 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	63 ± 17 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1999
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)

⁷⁸Y

mass number	78
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	77,94399 ± 0,00032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	54 ± 5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1992
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷⁹Y

mass number	79
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	78,937946 ± 0,000086 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	14,8 ± 0,6 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1992
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Y

mass number	80
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	79,93435475 ± 0,000006701 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	30,1 ± 0,5 s
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸¹Y

mass number	81
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	80,929454283 ± 0,000005802 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	70,4 ± 1 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸²Y

mass number	82
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	81,926930189 ± 0,000005902 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	8,3 ± 0,2 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1980
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸³Y

mass number	83
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	82,922484026 ± 0,00002 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	7,08 ± 0,08 m
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1962
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁴Y

mass number	84
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	83,92067106 ± 0,000004615 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	39,5 ± 0,8 m
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1962
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁵Y

mass number	85
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	84,916433039 ± 0,00002036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,68 ± 0,05 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1952
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁶Y

mass number	86
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	85,914886095 ± 0,000015182 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	14,74 ± 0,02 h
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁷Y

mass number	87
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	86,9108761 ± 0,00000121 Da
g-factor	-0,38 ± 0,04
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	79,8 ± 0,3 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1940
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁸Y

mass number	88
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	87,909501274 ± 0,00000161 Da
g-factor	-0,105 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	106,629 ± 0,024 d
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,16 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1948
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁹Y

mass number	89
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	88,905838156 ± 0,000000363 Da
g-factor	-0,274596 ± 0,00001
natural abundance	100
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1923
Paritet	-

⁹⁰Y

mass number	90
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	89,907141749 ± 0,000000379 Da
g-factor	-0,814 ± 0,004
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	64,05 ± 0,05 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,125 ± 0,011
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Y

mass number	91
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	90,907298048 ± 0,000001978 Da
g-factor	0,3278 ± 0,0016
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	58,51 ± 0,06 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1943
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹²Y

mass number	92
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	91,908945752 ± 0,000009798 Da
g-factor	-0,335 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,54 ± 0,01 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0 ± 0,02
opdagelsesdato	1940
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹³Y

mass number	93
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	92,909578434 ± 0,000011259 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	10,18 ± 0,08 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1948
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁴Y

mass number	94
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	93,911592062 ± 0,000006849 Da
g-factor	-0,12 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	18,7 ± 0,1 m
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,03 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1948
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁵Y

mass number	95
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	94,912819697 ± 0,000007277 Da
g-factor	-0,32 ± 0,06
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	10,3 ± 0,1 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1959
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁶Y

mass number	96
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	95,915909305 ± 0,000006521 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	5,34 ± 0,05 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1975
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁷Y

mass number	97
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	96,918286702 ± 0,000007201 Da
g-factor	-0,24 ± 0,02
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,75 ± 0,03 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1970
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.055%

⁹⁸Y

mass number	98
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	97,922394841 ± 0,000008501 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	548 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1970
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.33%

⁹⁹Y

mass number	99
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	98,924160839 ± 0,000007101 Da
g-factor	1,272 ± 0,008
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,484 ± 0,007 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	1,55 ± 0,17
opdagelsesdato	1975
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.77%

¹⁰⁰Y

mass number	100
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	99,927727678 ± 0,000012 Da
g-factor	0,6875 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	940 ± 30 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1977
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁰¹Y

mass number	101
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	100,930160817 ± 0,000007601 Da
g-factor	1,288 ± 0,008
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	426 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	1,53 ± 0,17
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.3%

¹⁰²Y

mass number	102
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	101,934328471 ± 0,000004381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	360 ± 40 ms
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1980
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.6%

¹⁰³Y

mass number	103
neutron number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	102,937243796 ± 0,000012029 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	239 ± 12 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1994
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	8%

¹⁰⁴Y

mass number	104
neutron number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	103,941943 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	197 ± 4 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1994
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	34%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁵Y

mass number	105
neutron number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	104,945711 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	95 ± 9 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1994
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	82%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁶Y

mass number	106
neutron number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	105,950842 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	75 ± 6 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁷Y

mass number	107
neutron number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	106,954943 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	33,5 ± 0,3 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁸Y

mass number	108
neutron number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	107,960515 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	30 ± 5 ms
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2010
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁹Y

mass number	109
neutron number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	108,965131 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	25 ± 5 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2010
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Johann Gadolin
fundsted	Finland
opdagelsesdato	1789
etymologi	From the Swedish village, Ytterby, where one of its minerals was first found.
udtale	IT-ri-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	33 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,000013 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,00019 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0,0000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.8244
2	p	3.9968
2	s	10.3778
3	d	13.6029
3	p	15.9075
3	s	15.4485
4	d	23.0416
4	p	26.2544
4	s	24.7364
5	s	32.744

Yttrium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380580
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3600
BNF	12168271v
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	yttrium
CAB ID	281355
CAS-nummer	7440-65-5
CPV Supplementary	AA17
ChEBI-ID	33331
ChemSpider ID	22429
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14734000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID4029775
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0049816
DeCS ID	15415
Den Store Danske-ID	yttrium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.340
Elhuyar ZTH ID	025999
Enciclopedia Treccani	ittrio
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/yttrium
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	yttrium
Freebase-ID	/m/025sqv7
French Vikidia ID	Yttrium
GND-identifikator	4067222-0
Golden ID	Yttrium-ZZ45MY
HMDB-ID	HMDB0013667
HSDB-ID	7405
InChI	InChI=1S/Y
InChIKey	VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Yttrium
LCAuth	sh85149410
NDL-nummer	00564324
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007531972405171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	370956
OpenAlex ID	C531131001
PSH-ID	5757
PubChem CID	23993
Quora emne-ID	Yttrium
RxNorm ID	1534770
ScienceDirect topic ID	materials-science/yttrium
ScienceDirect topic ID	chemical-engineering/yttrium
Store norske leksikon-ID	yttrium
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	2027900
UNII	58784XQC3Y
USGS Thesaurus ID	1617
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14685919-n
ZVG-nummer	7390

Yttrium (Y)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Yttrium

75Y

76Y

77Y

78Y

79Y

80Y

81Y

82Y

83Y

84Y

85Y

86Y

87Y

88Y

89Y

90Y

91Y

92Y

93Y

94Y

95Y

96Y

97Y

98Y

99Y

100Y

101Y

102Y

103Y

104Y

105Y

106Y

107Y

108Y

109Y

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁷⁵Y

⁷⁶Y

⁷⁷Y

⁷⁸Y

⁷⁹Y

⁸⁰Y

⁸¹Y

⁸²Y

⁸³Y

⁸⁴Y

⁸⁵Y

⁸⁶Y

⁸⁷Y

⁸⁸Y

⁸⁹Y

⁹⁰Y

⁹¹Y

⁹²Y

⁹³Y

⁹⁴Y

⁹⁵Y

⁹⁶Y

⁹⁷Y

⁹⁸Y

⁹⁹Y

¹⁰⁰Y

¹⁰¹Y

¹⁰²Y

¹⁰³Y

¹⁰⁴Y

¹⁰⁵Y

¹⁰⁶Y

¹⁰⁷Y

¹⁰⁸Y

¹⁰⁹Y