Yttrium

Yttrium (Y)

grundämne
Atomnummer39
Atommassa88.90584
masstal89
Grupp3
Period5
Blockd
Protoner39 p+
Neutroner50 n0
Electrons39 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Y (Yttrium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
180 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
163 pm
Metallic Radius
162 pm
ionic radius
90 pm
Crystal Radius
104 pm
Van der Waalsradie
232 pm
densitet
4,47 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
967 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
6,21726 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Y (Yttrium)
ångbildningsvärme
367 kJ/mol
smältvärme
11,5 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
424,7 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Y (Yttrium)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Y (Yttrium)
Orbital Diagram of Y (Yttrium)
oxidationstal0, 1, 2, 3
elektronegativitet
1.22
Electrophilicity
0,9002558378903806 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
3 618,15 K
Smältpunkt
1 795,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery white
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,0000106 1/K
molar heat capacity
26,53 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,298 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
1,8 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000057 m Ω
supraledare
1,3 K
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,0000000666 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000005921 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,0002978
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
3,65 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
Kompressibilitet
41 GPa
skjuvmodul
26 GPa
Young's modulus
64 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,24
ljudhastighet
3 300 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupIIIA
IUPAC GroupIIIB
Glawe Number21
Mendeleev Number12
Pettifor Number19
Geochemical Classrare earth & related
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
945,9 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
162 ± 12 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
1,28
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,00059
kvanttal2D3/2
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Yttriumisotoper

Stabila isotoper1
Instabila isotoper34
Radioactive Isotopes34

75Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
74,96584 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal75
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet+

75Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%
p (proton emission)%

76Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
75,958937 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal76
g-factor
Halveringstid
28 ± 9 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2001
Paritet-

76Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
p (proton emission)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

77Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
76,950146 ± 0,000218 Da
masstal77
g-factor
Halveringstid
63 ± 17 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet+

77Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%
p (proton emission)%

78Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
77,94399 ± 0,00032 Da
masstal78
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
54 ± 5 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet+

78Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

79Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
78,937946 ± 0,000086 Da
masstal79
g-factor
Halveringstid
14,8 ± 0,6 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet+

79Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

80Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
79,93435475 ± 0,000006701 Da
masstal80
g-factor
Halveringstid
30,1 ± 0,5 s
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet-

80Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

81Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
80,929454283 ± 0,000005802 Da
masstal81
g-factor
Halveringstid
70,4 ± 1 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet+

81Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

82Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
81,926930189 ± 0,000005902 Da
masstal82
g-factor
Halveringstid
8,3 ± 0,2 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1980
Paritet+

82Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

83Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
82,922484026 ± 0,00002 Da
masstal83
g-factor
Halveringstid
7,08 ± 0,08 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1962
Paritet+

83Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

84Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
83,92067106 ± 0,000004615 Da
masstal84
g-factor
Halveringstid
39,5 ± 0,8 m
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1962
Paritet+

84Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

85Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
84,916433039 ± 0,00002036 Da
masstal85
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,68 ± 0,05 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet

85Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

86Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
85,914886095 ± 0,000015182 Da
masstal86
g-factor
Halveringstid
14,74 ± 0,02 h
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

86Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

87Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
86,9108761 ± 0,00000121 Da
masstal87
g-factor
−0,38 ± 0,04
Halveringstid
79,8 ± 0,3 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet-

87Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

88Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
87,909501274 ± 0,00000161 Da
masstal88
g-factor
−0,105 ± 0,0025
Halveringstid
106,629 ± 0,024 d
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,16 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet-

88Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

89Y

natural abundance
100
relative atomic mass
88,905838156 ± 0,000000363 Da
masstal89
g-factor
−0,274596 ± 0,00001
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1923
Paritet-

90Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
89,907141749 ± 0,000000379 Da
masstal90
g-factor
−0,814 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
64,05 ± 0,05 h
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,125 ± 0,011
upptäcktsdatum1937
Paritet-

90Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

91Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
90,907298048 ± 0,000001978 Da
masstal91
g-factor
0,3278 ± 0,0016
Halveringstid
58,51 ± 0,06 d
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1943
Paritet-

91Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

92Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
91,908945752 ± 0,000009798 Da
masstal92
g-factor
−0,335 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
3,54 ± 0,01 h
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet-

92Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

93Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
92,909578434 ± 0,000011259 Da
masstal93
g-factor
Halveringstid
10,18 ± 0,08 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet-

93Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

94Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
93,911592062 ± 0,000006849 Da
masstal94
g-factor
−0,12 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
18,7 ± 0,1 m
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,03 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet-

94Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

95Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
94,912819697 ± 0,000007277 Da
masstal95
g-factor
−0,32 ± 0,06
Halveringstid
10,3 ± 0,1 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1959
Paritet-

95Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

96Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
95,915909305 ± 0,000006521 Da
masstal96
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
5,34 ± 0,05 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet-

96Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

97Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
96,918286702 ± 0,000007201 Da
masstal97
g-factor
−0,24 ± 0,02
Halveringstid
3,75 ± 0,03 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-

97Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.055%

98Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
97,922394841 ± 0,000008501 Da
masstal98
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
548 ± 2 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-

98Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.33%

99Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
98,924160839 ± 0,000007101 Da
masstal99
g-factor
1,272 ± 0,008
Halveringstid
1,484 ± 0,007 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1,55 ± 0,17
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet+

99Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.77%

100Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
99,927727678 ± 0,000012 Da
masstal100
g-factor
0,6875 ± 0,0025
Halveringstid
940 ± 30 ms
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

100Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

101Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
100,930160817 ± 0,000007601 Da
masstal101
g-factor
1,288 ± 0,008
Halveringstid
426 ± 20 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1,53 ± 0,17
upptäcktsdatum1983
Paritet+

101Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.3%

102Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
101,934328471 ± 0,000004381 Da
masstal102
g-factor
Halveringstid
360 ± 40 ms
Spinn5
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1980
Paritet-

102Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.6%

103Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
102,937243796 ± 0,000012029 Da
masstal103
g-factor
Halveringstid
239 ± 12 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

103Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)8%

104Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
103,941943 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal104
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
197 ± 4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

104Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)34%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

105Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
104,945711 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal105
g-factor
Halveringstid
95 ± 9 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

105Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)82%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

106Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
105,950842 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal106
g-factor
Halveringstid
75 ± 6 ms
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+

106Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

107Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
106,954943 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal107
g-factor
Halveringstid
33,5 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+

107Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

108Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
107,960515 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal108
g-factor
Halveringstid
30 ± 5 ms
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet-

108Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

109Y

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
108,965131 ± 0,000751 Da
masstal109
g-factor
Halveringstid
25 ± 5 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

109Y Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
Yttrium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareJohann Gadolin
fyndplatsFinland
upptäcktsdatum1789
etymologiFrom the Swedish village, Ytterby, where one of its minerals was first found.
uttalIT-ri-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
Abundance in Oceans
0,000013 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,00019 %
Abundance in Sun
0,000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0,0000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.8244
2p3.9968
2s10.3778
3d13.6029
3p15.9075
3s15.4485
4d23.0416
4p26.2544
4s24.7364
5s32.744