Atomic Number | 48 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 112.414 |
Mass Number | 114 |
Group | 12 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | d |
Protons | 48 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 66 n0 |
Electrons | 48 e- |
Atomic Radius | 155 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 13.1 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 136 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 138 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 78 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 92 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 218 pm
|
Density | 8.69 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 8.993822 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 59.1 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 6.11 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 111.8 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
Oxidation States | -2, 1, 2 |
Electronegativity | 1.69
|
Electrophilicity | |
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,040.15 K
|
Melting Point | 594.219 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery bluish-gray metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 96.9 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000308 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.02 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.232 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 14 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000007000000000002 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 0.517 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000023 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.000000000259 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.0000199
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 2.98 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 2 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 42 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 19 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 50 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.3
|
Speed of Sound | 2,310 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | IIB |
IUPAC Group | IIB |
Glawe Number | 75 |
Mendeleev Number | 78 |
Pettifor Number | 75 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | chalcophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 2,450
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 1.4
|
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 8 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 34 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 35 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 94 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 95 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 32 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2011 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 4.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 96 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1,003 ± 47 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 97 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.16 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 7.4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 98 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 9.29 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.029% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.21% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 49.1 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | -0.3588 ± 0.00016
|
Half Life | 1.36 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.177 ± 0.007
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.5 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | -0.33944 ± 0.00016
|
Half Life | 7.3 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.007 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 57.7 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | -0.29528 ± 0.00016
|
Half Life | 55.5 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.377 ± 0.015
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 1.245 ± 0.022
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | -0.24564 ± 0.00012
|
Half Life | 6.5 ± 0.02 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.6 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1946 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.888 ± 0.011
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 108 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 109 |
G-Factor | -0.33064 ± 0.00016
|
Half Life | 461.3 ± 0.5 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.6 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 12.47 ± 0.061
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 110 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 12.795 ± 0.012
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 111 |
G-Factor | -1.188 ± 0.0006
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 24.109 ± 0.007
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 112 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 12.227 ± 0.007
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 113 |
G-Factor | -1.2426 ± 0.0006
|
Half Life | 8.04 ± 0.05 Py
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 28.754 ± 0.081
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 114 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 115 |
G-Factor | -1.2966 ± 0.0004
|
Half Life | 53.46 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 7.512 ± 0.054
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 26.9 ± 0.9 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | -1.485 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 2.503 ± 0.005 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.3 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | -1.8376 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 2.69 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.8 ± 0.21 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | 0.41733333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
|
Half Life | 13.5 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.24 ± 0.03 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | 0.52566666666667 ± 0.00046666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.1 ± 0.02 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.25 ± 0.02 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | 0.57273333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
|
Half Life | 680 ± 40 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.209 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 512 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | 0.58473333333333 ± 0.00053333333333333
|
Half Life | 480 ± 100 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.239 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 246 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | -0.12821818181818 ± 0.00010909090909091
|
Half Life | 147 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.132 ± 0.009
|
Discovery Year | 2003 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 126.8 ± 1.8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 98 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2000 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3.5% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 84 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2000 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 60% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 61 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 65 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2015 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Cadmium was discovered by German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817 as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine (zinc carbonate) changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. Cadmium was independently discovered by German chemist Karl Hermann in 1818. From the Latin word cadmia, Greek kadmeia - the ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate
Discoverers | Fredrich Stromeyer |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Germany |
Discovery Year | 1817 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)). |
Pronunciation | KAD-me-em (English) |
1 | s | 0.9744 |
2 | p | 4.091 |
2 | s | 12.6142 |
3 | d | 14.3931 |
3 | p | 17.3085 |
3 | s | 17.1588 |
4 | d | 32.1232 |
4 | p | 28.5888 |
4 | s | 27.1308 |
5 | s | 39.808 |