Palladium (Pd)

chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46

Atomic Number	46
Atomic Weight	106.42
mass number	106

Group	10
Period	5
Block	d

proton	46 p⁺
neutron	60 n⁰
electron	46 e^-

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Atomic Radius	140 pm 215 pm
molar volume	8.9 cm³/mol
covalent radius	120 pm 117 pm 112 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	128 pm 137 pm
ionic radius	59 pm 64 pm 86 pm 76 pm 61.5 pm
Crystal Radius	73 pm 78 pm 100 pm 90 pm 75.5 pm
Van der Waals radius	205 pm 210 pm 237 pm 289.9 pm
density	12 g/cm³ 10,380 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energy

proton affinity	696 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0.562 eV/particle
ionization energy	8.33686 eV/particle 19.43 eV/particle 32.93 eV/particle 46 eV/particle 61 eV/particle 84.1 eV/particle 101 eV/particle 120 eV/particle 141 eV/particle 160 eV/particle 238.57 eV/particle 260 eV/particle 286 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 342 eV/particle 369.1 eV/particle 427 eV/particle 458 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 869 eV/particle 933 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,065 eV/particle 1,145 eV/particle 1,218 eV/particle 1,290 eV/particle 1,366 eV/particle 1,438 eV/particle 1,644 eV/particle 1,706.2 eV/particle 1,781.3 eV/particle 1,869 eV/particle 1,962 eV/particle 2,016 eV/particle 2,181 eV/particle 2,248.867 eV/particle 5,284 eV/particle 5,475 eV/particle 5,683 eV/particle 5,880 eV/particle 6,242 eV/particle 6,469 eV/particle 6,759 eV/particle 6,943.096 eV/particle 28,776.033 eV/particle 29,622.6 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	372.4 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	17.24 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	376.6 kJ/mol
electron

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 18

valence electron	10 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰

oxidation number	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
electronegativity	9.402 eV/particle 0.1440276 2.2
Electrophilicity Index	1.273169376998428 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,236.15 K
Melting Point	1,827.95 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color	Black #ff1493 #006985 #006985
appearance	silvery white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	71.8 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000118 1/K
molar heat capacity	25.98 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.246 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	10 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.0000001 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000657 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000006992 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.0007899
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.89 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	37.3 MPa 4.75 MPa 461 MPa
bulk modulus	180 GPa
shear modulus	44 GPa
Young's modulus	121 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.39
speed of sound	3,070 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	65
Mendeleev Number	68
Pettifor Number	69
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	673.4 kJ/mol
polarizability	26.14 ± 0.1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	628 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	6.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0023
quantum number	1S0
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Palladium

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	38
Natural Isotopes	6

⁹⁰Pd

mass number	90
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	89.95737 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2016
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
2p (2-proton emission)

⁹¹Pd

mass number	91
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	90.950435 ± 0.000454 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	32 ± 3 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.1%

⁹²Pd

mass number	92
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	91.941192225 ± 0.000370402 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.06 ± 0.03 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%

⁹³Pd

mass number	93
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	92.936680426 ± 0.000397221 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.17 ± 0.02 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.4%

⁹⁴Pd

mass number	94
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	93.929036286 ± 0.000004602 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9.1 ± 0.3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1982
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.13%

⁹⁵Pd

mass number	95
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	94.924888506 ± 0.000003253 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	7.4 ± 0.4 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.23%

⁹⁶Pd

mass number	96
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	95.918213739 ± 0.000004502 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	122 ± 2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁷Pd

mass number	97
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	96.916471985 ± 0.0000052 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.1 ± 0.09 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Pd

mass number	98
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	97.912698335 ± 0.00000509 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	17.7 ± 0.4 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁹Pd

mass number	99
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911773073 ± 0.000005482 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21.4 ± 0.2 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁰Pd

mass number	100
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	99.908520438 ± 0.000018934 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.63 ± 0.09 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰¹Pd

mass number	101
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	100.908284824 ± 0.000004925 Da
g-factor	0.264 ± 0.008
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8.47 ± 0.06 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰²Pd

mass number	102
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	101.905632292 ± 0.000000449 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	1.02 ± 0.01
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁰³Pd

mass number	103
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	102.906111074 ± 0.000000942 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	16.991 ± 0.019 d
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰⁴Pd

mass number	104
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	103.904030393 ± 0.000001434 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	11.14 ± 0.08
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

¹⁰⁵Pd

mass number	105
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	104.905079479 ± 0.000001222 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	22.33 ± 0.08
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.66 ± 0.011
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

¹⁰⁶Pd

mass number	106
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	105.903480287 ± 0.000001186 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	27.33 ± 0.03
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

¹⁰⁷Pd

mass number	107
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	106.905128058 ± 0.000001289 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	6.5 ± 0.3 My
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1958
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Pd

mass number	108
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	107.903891806 ± 0.000001189 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26.46 ± 0.09
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

¹⁰⁹Pd

mass number	109
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	108.905950576 ± 0.000001195 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13.59 ± 0.12 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Pd

mass number	110
neutron number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	109.905172878 ± 0.000000657 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	11.72 ± 0.09
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

¹¹¹Pd

mass number	111
neutron number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	110.907690358 ± 0.000000785 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23.56 ± 0.09 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Pd

mass number	112
neutron number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	111.907330557 ± 0.000007027 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21.04 ± 0.17 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Pd

mass number	113
neutron number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	112.910261912 ± 0.000007458 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	93 ± 5 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1954
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Pd

mass number	114
neutron number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	113.91036943 ± 0.000007459 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.42 ± 0.06 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1958
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁵Pd

mass number	115
neutron number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	114.913659333 ± 0.000014543 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	25 ± 2 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1958
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁶Pd

mass number	116
neutron number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	115.914297872 ± 0.000007659 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	11.8 ± 0.4 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁷Pd

mass number	117
neutron number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	116.917955584 ± 0.000007788 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.3 ± 0.3 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁸Pd

mass number	118
neutron number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	117.919067273 ± 0.000002677 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.9 ± 0.1 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁹Pd

mass number	119
neutron number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	118.923341138 ± 0.000008854 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	920 ± 80 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1991
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁰Pd

mass number	120
neutron number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	119.924551745 ± 0.000002464 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	492 ± 33 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1993
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.7%

¹²¹Pd

mass number	121
neutron number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	120.928950342 ± 0.0000036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	290 ± 1 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.8%

¹²²Pd

mass number	122
neutron number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	121.930631693 ± 0.000021 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	193 ± 5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.5%

¹²³Pd

mass number	123
neutron number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	122.935126 ± 0.0008475 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	108 ± 1 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

¹²⁴Pd

mass number	124
neutron number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	123.937305 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	88 ± 15 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%

¹²⁵Pd

mass number	125
neutron number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	124.942072 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	60 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2008
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

¹²⁶Pd

mass number	126
neutron number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	125.944401 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	48.6 ± 0.8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2008
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	22%

¹²⁷Pd

mass number	127
neutron number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	126.949307 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	38 ± 2 ms
spin	11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	19%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁸Pd

mass number	128
neutron number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	127.952345 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	35 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁹Pd

mass number	129
neutron number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	128.959334 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	31 ± 7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2015
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁰Pd

mass number	130
neutron number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	129.964863 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2018
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³¹Pd

mass number	131
neutron number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	130.972367 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2018
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

kōrero nehe

discoverer or inventor	William Wollaston
location of discovery	England
time of discovery or invention	1803
etymology	Named after the asteroid, Pallas, discovered in 1803.
pronunciation	peh-LAY-di-em (Ingarihi)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.015 mg/kg
natural abundance (Moana nui)
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0.000066 %
natural abundance (Te Rā)	0.0000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9411
2	p	4.07
2	s	12.1172
3	d	14.5489
3	p	16.9804
3	s	16.7788
4	d	32.3824
4	p	28.2768
4	s	27.014

Palladium on ChemicalAid

palladium

Palladium (Pd)

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Palladium

90Pd

91Pd

92Pd

93Pd

94Pd

95Pd

96Pd

97Pd

98Pd

99Pd

100Pd

101Pd

102Pd

103Pd

104Pd

105Pd

106Pd

107Pd

108Pd

109Pd

110Pd

111Pd

112Pd

113Pd

114Pd

115Pd

116Pd

117Pd

118Pd

119Pd

120Pd

121Pd

122Pd

123Pd

124Pd

125Pd

126Pd

127Pd

128Pd

129Pd

130Pd

131Pd

kōrero nehe

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁹⁰Pd

⁹¹Pd

⁹²Pd

⁹³Pd

⁹⁴Pd

⁹⁵Pd

⁹⁶Pd

⁹⁷Pd

⁹⁸Pd

⁹⁹Pd

¹⁰⁰Pd

¹⁰¹Pd

¹⁰²Pd

¹⁰³Pd

¹⁰⁴Pd

¹⁰⁵Pd

¹⁰⁶Pd

¹⁰⁷Pd

¹⁰⁸Pd

¹⁰⁹Pd

¹¹⁰Pd

¹¹¹Pd

¹¹²Pd

¹¹³Pd

¹¹⁴Pd

¹¹⁵Pd

¹¹⁶Pd

¹¹⁷Pd

¹¹⁸Pd

¹¹⁹Pd

¹²⁰Pd

¹²¹Pd

¹²²Pd

¹²³Pd

¹²⁴Pd

¹²⁵Pd

¹²⁶Pd

¹²⁷Pd

¹²⁸Pd

¹²⁹Pd

¹³⁰Pd

¹³¹Pd